Integrated Advocacy Approaches In Refusing The Eviction Policy

Article history: Date submission: 11 Dec 2018 First revision: 20 December 2018 Accepted: 30 December 2018 Available online: 09 January 2019 This paper aimed to explore the approach of a policy advocacy pursued by residents of Central Jebres RT 02 and 03 RW 25, Jebres Village, Jebres Sub subdistrict, Surakarta City to reject the eviction policy carried out by the Surakarta City Government for the expansion of the Solo Techno Park (STP) land. The method used in this study was a descriptive qualitative namely the handling of their phenomena and providing theoretical interpretation. The findings in the field indicated that the residents of Central Jebres conducted a series of policy advocacy, which among others, such as the formation of a core circle, choosing strategic issues, setting goals and strategies, processing data and packaging information, mobilizing supporters, influencing policy implementer, forming public opinion, creating a basis for movement and the latter monitor the work program. The results of the policy advocacy series conducted by the residents of Central Jebres who had joined the Jebres Demangan citizen alliance had not received positive results.


Introduction
Looking at the early history of Central Jebres residents, citizens have occupied the land as a place of residence since 1999. Over time, the development the residents of Central Jebres had proposed land legality to the Agrarian Office of Surakarta City in 2001, as a result citizen were asked to pay Land and Building Tax (PBB). But since 2017 the residents of Central Jebres have currently faced eviction plans carried out by the Surakarta City Government with the issuance of a Warning Letter (SP) Number 050/171 by the Surakarta City Government to 23 Household Heads (KK) for residents in RT 02 and 03 RW 25, Jebres Village, Jebres Sub district, Surakarta City, in the warning letter contains intentions and appeals to the residents of Central Jebres who occupy the surrounding land to vacate the building occupied by residents at the cost of unloading compensation to each Head of Family (KK) which amounts to in the range of Rp.50,000-75,000/ cubic meter. Citizens consider that it is very inhumane and very unfair. Various attempts have been made by the citizens of Central Jebres to reject the eviction policy. However, on the other hand, the policy makers and implementer of the Surakarta city remain firm and insist on evicting land occupied by residents under the pretext that Central Jebres residents have occupied the Right to Use (HP) area. 105 of 2015 designated for the expansion of Solo Techno Park (STP).
When the government is the maker and implementer of a policy aimed at solving problems in the region or region of authority, it will not always receive a positive response from the community or groups affected by the policy. Communities or groups affected by a policy that is harmed in physical or material aspects will usually question and urge good and right policy changes. The activity is part of what is called a policy advocacy. Referring to the statements of Young and Quinn (2002), Suharto (2004) in his book (Suharto, 2014) propose several definitions of advocacy, especially those relating to social policy analysis, in their view, they define advocacy as a process that involves a set of political actions. It is organized by organized citizens to transform power relations. The purpose of advocacy is to achieve policy changes that benefit the people involved in the process. Another view from (Sharma, 2016) says that policy advocacy is an individual action, collective or organized community organization, systematically seeks to influence policy making so that it considers civil society participation in every policy. While other definitions of meaning and detention from policy advocacy according to (Topatimasang, 2016) are efforts to improve or change public policy in accordance with the will or interests of those who urge the improvement or change. Effective advocacy is conducted according to the strategic plan and within a reasonable time frame.
Looking at a number of previous research articles on international and national scale, there have been a lot of discussions about policy advocacy, as an example on an international scale articles that discuss policy advocacy are written by (Markard, Suter, & Ingold, 2016) which discusses gaps about actors and coalitions in Swiss energy policy with an advocacy review of coalition framework. Both articles have been written by (Rennkamp, Haunss, Wongsa, Ortega, & Casamadrid, 2017) analyzing political coalitions in support and opposition to renewable energy policies in three middleincome countries, namely, Mexico, South Africa and Thailand. More in-depth articles, It focuses in analyzing political discourse in national debates on renewable energy policies by looking at actors, coalitions and arguments they make to encourage or prevent policy changes in the energy sector. The third international article is an article written by (Dugani & Kissoon, 2017) which is the discussion of the article on the important role of global advocacy to increase public awareness of sepsis, increase access to essential drugs and vaccines, increase the use of evidence-based treatment guidelines, increase awareness of anti-microbial resistance and encourage antibiotic surveillance and developing robust health systems that can overcome the health crisis. The fourth international article that discusses policy advocacy is an article written by (Prianto, 2013) which is the discussion of the article seeks to see an advocacy coalition in the process of formulating policy on spatial plans in Makassar in the period 2010 to 2030. Further article that still discusses about policy advocacy is an article written by (Wong, 2016) which discusses a coalition of advocacy and policy change in China by looking at an anti-incinerator protest in Guangzhou through a theoretical review of the advocacy coalition framework. The last is an article that discusses a framework of an advocacy coalition framework in the study of natural resource policies based on the latest experiences and procedures written by (Sotirov & Memmler, 2012).
In national scale, research on policy of eviction and policy advocacy have indeed been carried out by several previous researchers, as an example of the first article from (Adicahya, 2017) in which writing the article explains and discusses eviction of street vendors (PKL) as acts against law, meanwhile the second article is an article written by (Widianto & Suyanto, 2017). This article discusses the survival strategy of the Kali Jagir Wonokromo Stren community from eviction, in the article writing the aspects examined are more reviewing the dimensions of the theory conflict while implementing a defense strategy from eviction. furthermore, the last article is an article written by (Rahardian, 2018). While writing the article, the author tried to look at the dimensions of the paralegal lane approach carried out by workers 'and workers' organizations in Surakarta in Do policy advocacy to reject the wage policy contained in Government Regulation Number 78 of 2015. The articles that have been mentioned above have indeed discussed a lot about a resistance from an eviction policy and a policy advocacy process in rejecting a particular policy both in the ACF theory and from Roem Topatimasang's theory. However, in this article, the author offers the novelty of from various theoretical aspects that discuss the problems that exist with the system of evictions conducted by the City Government of Surakarta to expand Solo Techno Park (STP) area. This paper tried to see the approach of an integrated policy advocacy model proposed by Roem Topatimasang to complement the existing research in previous articles.

Theory
Resisting or questioning a policy that is not accordance for society is parts of policy advocacy. Policy advocacy is currently used as form and step of individual or group of people to refuse a policy which they considered as unfair policy. Policy advocacy is currently considered ideal by some individuals or group of people in complaining unfairness of policy.
It carries out a series of policy advocacy in order to change a public policy, (Topatimasang, 2016) explains that there are several strategic steps that must be conducted in a series of policy advocacy which include the following: building alliances, determining strategic issues, setting goals and strategies advocacy, processing data and information, attracting allies and supporters, proposing a match design, influencing policy makers, forming public opinion, forming a basis for movement and finally monitoring and evaluating advocacy programs. In order to clarify the series of policy advocacy, Roem Topatimasang has made drawings and schemes from the integrated advocacy series into a flow chart, a figure of a flow chart of integrated advocacy can be seen below as follows ( Figure 1).

Research Method
The paper would examine the efforts of Central was in the form of qualitative descriptive that emphasized the process and meaning. The technique was determining the informant by using purposive sampling, while data retrieval was conducted by interviewing local people who fell into the category affected by eviction policies in the expansion of Solo Techno Park (STP) and reviewing documentation from several electronic media such as the internet relating to the eviction problem. Finally, to test the validity of the data in this study used triangulation data techniques (sources).

Results and Discussion
As it is kown that the root of the problem arose beginning with the issuance of the Warning Letter (SP) regarding the planned eviction for the expansion of Solo Techno Park (STP) by the Surakarta City Government to residents of Central Jebres RT 02 and 03 RW 25, Sub District Jebres, Jebres District, Surakarta City. It was based on problems The residents affected by the eviction policy directly responded by making plans to reject the eviction policy in the context of the expansion of Solo Techno Park (STP) by the Surakarta City Government by taking the following steps.:

Form an Alliance
In a series to reject the eviction policy plan in the context of the expansion of Solo Techno Park (STP) by the Surakarta City Government, the residents of Central Jebres who were affected by the eviction plan formed a joint alliance with the aim and purpose of equalizing the vision and views of the Central Jebres citizens to reject the eviction policy by The Surakarta City Government. People who were the members of this alliance called themselves by the name of the association of the residents of Jebres Demangan. With the existence of the community that has been formed, it was expected as a joint force to reject the injustices gained by the citizens of Central Jebres. In addition, in this alliance, there was also a coordinator of the Central Jebres Citizens, Dwi Yustanto, who was trusted to lead the alliance to reject the policy of evicting Central Jebres Residents in the context of the expansion of Solo Techno Park (STP).

Choosing Strategic Issues
When an alliance had been formed, then the next step iwas the citizens of Central Jebres who had joined the alliance of the Jebres Citizens Association Demangan to consolidate with the people affected by the eviction policy to expand the Solo Techno Park (STP) to determine which issues would be truly chosen for advocated. In this case, the alliance that had been formed only focused on the form of rejection of the policy of evicting residents of Central Jebres RT 02 and 03 RW 25, Jebres Village, Jebres Sub district, Surakarta City by the Surakarta City Government in order to expand the Solo Techno Park (STP) area. Residents who were the members of the alliance argued that they rejected the eviction plan because the demolition costs provided by the Surakarta City Government Number 050/171 was inhumane and unfair. Beside, residents argued that they had settled since 1999 and had paid their obligations as citizens by paying property (PBB). on the other hand, affected residents also argued that the government had not been able to present a good solution to the people if the eviction was actually carried out.

Designing Goals and Strategies
The Alliance of Jebres Residents Association Demangan who had determined the issues to be advocated then routinely consolidate with several residents, especially 23 Household Heads (KK) who are affected by eviction, in the consolidation the residents design goals and strategies where this series of advocacy will be carried out, the consolidation was agreed that the residents affected by the eviction would take several steps such as wanting to meet the Mayor of Surakarta and the Regional Representative Council (DPRD) of Surakarta City, as well as the last one is the Solo Techno Park (STP) to raise objections and their refusal to plan the eviction of residents in Central Jebres. The next step was the citizens of Central Jebres would also conduct a series of solidarity to mobilize and attract concern from the people of Surakarta City with the poetry reading "Ode Jebres Tengah" around the Middle Jebres road. The final step agreed upon by the alliance of the Demangan Residents Association also planned to demonstrate to the Surakarta City Government as a final effort if the Surakarta City Government continued to insist on the eviction plan in order to expand the Solo Techno Park (STP).

Data Processing and Information Packaging
In the consolidation series of the alliance of the Central Jebres Citizens Association, residents who had joined the alliance always seeked information and disseminated information about the policy of evicting residents of Central Jebres. The alliance routinely conducted studies led by community leaders who were trusted by all citizens as leaders of the movement to reject eviction policy. In the study action community leaders explained that eviction was an illegal actt. They believed that the government should enforce Law Number 11 of 2005 concerning economic, social and cultural rights. Other studies also suggested that the alliance of the Jebres Community Association Demangan considered that eviction did not reflect the values of Pancasila in treating fellow citizens.

Raising Supporters
The Alliance of the Jebres Community of Demangan formed to reject the eviction policy by the Surakarta City Government in order to expand the Solo Techno Park (STP) to get allies and supporters of several elements of student organizations who care about the fate of the residents of Central Jebres. Elements of the student organization were such as Movement Indonesian Islamic Students (PMII), Islamic Student Association (HMI), Indonesian National Student Movement (GMNI), Indonesian Law Students Association (PERMAHI) and Surakarta Sebelas Maret University Student Executive Board (BEM). For those who accompanied the residents in carrying out a series of actions against the policy of evicting residents in Central Jebres was a social responsibility as a student. In addition, the elements of the student organization which consisted of various types of organizations regularly conducted studies and participate in assisting the residents when meeting with the executors of the planned eviction of the residents of Central Jebres. The Alliance of the Jebres Demangan Association of Residents and several elements of existing students had agreed to collaborate to equate the view to reject the policy of eviction for the expansion of Solo Techno Park (STP) by the Surakarta City Government.

Influencing Makers and Implementers of Policies
On Monday, February 12, 2018, residents of the jebres were meeting the invitation of the Surakarta City Civil Service Police Unit (Satpol PP) accompanied by several elements of student organizations. However, in the context of a discussion forum on eviction policies in Central Jebres, Civil Service Unit claimed to only want to meet residents without meddling Students, Representatives of students who attended the forum then expressed the reason for their participation in the forum. They explained their presence to provide assistance to citizens affected by the eviction policy, but Satpol PP insisted that what they invited in this forum only 23 households, on the other hand, Civil Service Unit gave students the option to go out or join the forum but did not have the right to speak, seeing the tension occurred in the Middle Jebres Citizens coordinator mediating by choosing the second option. Student representatives finally remained welcome in the room without the right to speak. Until the forum finally started, the residents still did not want their houses to be demolished for the expansion of the Solo Techno Park (STP) building. The attendees made statements that had been prepared in previous studies of the Alliance of Residents of Jebres Demangan Residents. However, this forum the residents did not get good results even the forum tended to be deadlocked and did not meet the endpoint. At the end of the forum, citizens who joined the alliance wanted to meet with the Mayor of Surakarta facilitated by the Surakarta City Civil Service Police Unit. on the opposite side of the Unit head The Municipal Civil Service Police (SATPOL-PP) of Surakarta City also promised to underwent a meeting between residents of Central Jebres and the Mayor of Surakarta on certain conditions.

Establish General Opinion
As a set of policy advocacy that has been carried out by the alliance of the Jebres Citizens Association in Demangan to reject the eviction policy for the expansion of Solo Techno Park (STP), the citizens of Central Jebres actually received a Warning Letter (SP) again to vacate the land they occupy, departing from this who had joined the alliance of the Jebres Citizens Association of Demangan together with several elements of several student organizations and organizations carrying out demonstrations as their final effort to continue to reject the eviction plan for the expansion of Solo Techno Park (STP). On Monday, April 9 2018, Dozens of residents of Central Jebres joined in the alliance of the Jebres Demangan Association and the Central Jebres Student Alliance which were the members of several student organizations. They held demonstrations at the Gladak roundabout, Solo, Central Java. In the demonstration the demonstrators demanded a rejection of the eviction policy by the Surakarta City government towards the residents of Central Jebres to expand Solo Techno Park (STP). Students and residents of Jebres were holding a walk from the southern Bakorwil, General Slamet Riyadi Gladhag Statue to Surakarta City Hall, a number of banners were also displayed by the demonstrators, which read, "Residents Need Land Resources of Life, rejecting evictions and arbitrary evictions".

Building a Movement Base and Monitoring Programs
After a series of influencing policy implementers by meeting stakeholders who implement eviction plans such as the Civil Service Unit (Satpol-PP) and conducting demonstrations at the Gladak roundabout to the front of the Mayor's office, the alliance of the Jebres Demangan Community Association and some elements of students did not stop there. They built base of movement in its territory with the aim of political pressure on the Civil Service Police Unit (PP) and Solo Techno Park (STP) which continued to pressure citizens to immediately vacate residential land occupied by 23 households (KK). In building a movement base, the citizens were part of the Alliance of the Jebres Community of Demangan together with various elements of student organizations who always used the Multipurpose Building as a command post for their movement base. In addition to a series of activities in building this movement's base, a success of the series they did was by looking at the progress every week.

Policy Advocacy Results
Based on the entire set of integrated advocacy strategies carried out by the alliance of the Jebres Community of Demangan in order to reject the eviction policy for the expansion of the Solo Techno Park (STP) land area, the results obtained by the alliance in the community was failed. In fact, the policy makers and implementers in this case the Government The city of Surakarta continued to implement a house eviction policy in Central Jebres RT 02 and 03 RW 25, Jebres Sub-district, Jebres Sub-district which is occupied by 23 Family Heads (KK).

Conclusion
While writing of this article, the author tries to explore the approach of integrated advocacy theories in the case of refusal to evict the residents of Central Jebres RT 02 and 03 RW 25, Jebres Village, Jebres Sub district, Surakarta City by reviewing Roem Topatimasang's theory of integrated advocacy. Other offers are such as making the community of Jebres Demangan residents, choosing the issue of refusing eviction, processing data and information about eviction plans, capturing supporters from various elements, influencing policy makers by meeting various stakeholders, demonstration in front of the Surakarta Mayor's office, and building a movement base by creating posts and monitor the ongoing advocacy program. From the entire series that has been carried out by the Alliance of the Jebres Citizens Association, this policy advocacy fails to obtain positive results for the affected people to plan the eviction for the expansion of the Solo Techno Park (STP). It is because the Surakarta City Government remains in principle to displace. there is to implement the expansion of Solo Techno Park (STP). The issue of demolition of settlements has indeed contributed a lot in research especially in the realm of state administration and public policy which is reviewed from several theoretical points of view. This article has a new dimension in terms of theoretical review in Roem Topatimasang theory. This is because some researches on resistance to eviction policy only discusses in terms of the dimensions of conflict and legal aspects. Therefore, this writing offers novelty in this aspect.