Mediating Role of Military Professionalism in The Effect of Spiritual Leadership and Work Motivation on Soldier Performance

Authors

  • Randhika Deryl Amanda Batallion Arhanud 2/ABW/2 Kostrad Malang

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jiap.2022.008.01.2

Keywords:

spiritual leadership, work motivation, military professionalism, soldier performance

Abstract

In military organizations, the concept of soldier performance is the most important thing that is strategic and tactical. The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating role of military professionalism on the influence of spiritual leadership and work motivation on soldier performance. The social learning theory used as a theoretical foundation to build a conceptual framework that was proposed in this study. About 150 of 168 Non-Commander Officer (CFO) of Indonesian Army located in Malang, especially who work in Batallion Arhanud 2/ABW/2 Kostrad Malang are taken as sample of this study. SmartPLS is used as analysis tool to examine the direct and indirect effect among observed variables. The results showed that one of the five paths of influence on the relationship between variables was found to be insignificant, namely the direct influence of spiritual leadership on soldier performance. While results indicate that spiritual leadership could not directly affect individual performance, it also reveals about important mediating role of military professionalism in order to increase the effect of spiritual leadership and work motivation on soldier performance.

References

Agustina, I., Pradesa, H. A., & Putranto, R. A. (2021). Peran Dimensi Motivasi Pelayanan Publik Dalam Meningkatkan Komitmen Afektif Pegawai. JEMAP: Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen, Akuntansi, Dan Perpajakan, 4(2), 218–235.

Anggoro, J. Y. (2017). Pengaruh Kepemimpinan dan Iklim Keselamatan Penerbangan Terhadap Kinerja Keselamatan Penerbangan di Sukadron Udara 31 Lanud Halim Perdana Kusuma. Jurnal Prodi Strategi Pertahanan Udara, 3(1), 65–92.

Arifin, Z., Saptono, E., & Khaerudin, K. (2018). Implementasi Azas Kepemimpinan TNI Danyonzikon 13/Karya Etmaka dalam Rangka Meningkatkan Profesionalisme Prajurit (Studi di Batalyon Zeni Konstruksi 13/ke). Jurnal Prodi Strategi Pertahanan Darat, 4(1), 51–68.

Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory. Prentice Hall.

Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The Moderator-Mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological Research: Conceptual. Strategic, and Statistical Considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182.

Bass, B. M., Bass, R., & Bass, B. M. (2008). The Bass handbook of leadership: Theory, research, and managerial applications. Free Press.

Bouckenooghe, D., Asma, Z., & Usman, R. (2015). How ethical leadership shapes employees’ job performance: The mediating roles of goal congruence and psychological capital. Journal of Business Ethics, 129(2), 251–264.

Brown, M., & Treviño, L. (2014). Do role models matter? An investigation of role modeling as an antecedent of perceived ethical leadership. Journal of Business Ethics, 122(4), 587–598.

Chen, C. Y., & Li, C. I. (2013). Assessing the spiritual leadership effectiveness: The contribution of follower’s self-concept and preliminary tests for moderation of culture and managerial position. Leadership Quarterly, 24(1), 240–255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2012.11.004

Dawud, J., Pradesa, H. A., & Afandi, M. N. (2018). Distributive and Procedural Justice, Perceived Organizational Support, and Its Effect on Organizational Commitment in Public Organization. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(12), 1675–1188. https://doi.org/10.30741/wiga.v8i1.231

Djuyandi, Y. (2007). Membangun Demokrasi Melalui Profesionalisme Tentara Nasional Indonesia. Reformasi Sektor Keamanan Indonesia 2007, 3(9), 512–522.

Ferawati, I., Darna, N., & Suhendi, R. M. (2020). Pengaruh Profesionalisme dan Etika Kerja terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Ciamis (Suatu Studi pada Pegawai ASN Rumah Sakit Umum daerah Ciamis). Bisnis Management and Enterpreneurship Journal, 2(September), 46-66.

Freidson, E. (1999). Theory of professionalism: Method and substance. International Review of Sociology, 9(1), 117–129. https://doi.org/10.1080/03906701.1999.9971301

Fry, L. W., & Cohen, M. P. (2009). Spiritual leadership as a paradigm for organizational transformation and recovery from extended work hours cultures. Journal of Business Ethics, 84(SUPPL. 2), 265–278. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-008-9695-2

Fry, L. W. J. (2008). Spiritual Leadership : State-of-the-Art and Future Directions for Theory ,. In J. B. and L. Tischler (Ed.), Spirituality in Business (pp. 106–124).

Fry, L. W., Latham, J. R., Clinebell, S. K., & Krahnke, K. (2017). Spiritual leadership as a model for performance excellence: a study of Baldrige award recipients. Journal of Management, Spirituality and Religion, 14(1), 22–47. https://doi.org/10.1080/14766086.2016.1202130

Gagne, M., & Deci, E. L. (2005). Self-determination theory and work motivation. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26, 331–362.

Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2019). Multivariate Data Analysis (8th Editio). Cengage Learning.

Hajri, A., Midhio, I. W., & Nuriada, W. (2018). Peran Kepemimpinan Dalam Pembinaan Satuan Kavaleri TNI AD (Studi Pada Batalyon Kavaleri 1/Badak Ceta Cakti di Cijantung Jakarta). Jurnal Strategi Pertahanan Darat, 4(3), 33–60.

Harjuni, J. (2018). Pengaruh Motivasi Kerja, Pendidikan, dan Latihan Dalam Peningkatan Kinerja Pegawai Pada TNI AU Abdulrachman Saleh Malang. Jurnal Manajemen Jayanegara, 10(1), 24–31.

Hartono, D., Warka, I. W., & Purwanto, P. (2017). Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Perwira Pengasuh Terhadap Nilai Prestasi Melalui Motivasi Dan Disiplin Taruna Akademi Tni Angkatan Laut. Jurnal Pertahanan & Bela Negara, 7(2), 187–204. https://doi.org/10.33172/jpbh.v7i2.210

Hidayat, E. R. (2012). The Challenge of Maintaining Military Professionalism in the Face of Transformation: The Indonesian Army Experience, in Threats to Military Professionalism: International Perspectives (L. Lindsay & S. Stouffer (eds.); pp. 71–185). Canadian Defense Army Press.

Himam, M. F. (2017). Analisis Pengaruh Fungsi Kepemimpinan Terhadap Kinerja Prajurit Melalui Budaya Organisasi dan Kepuasan Kerja Prajurit di Lantamal V Surabaya. Jurnal Manajerial Bisnis, 1(1), 14–33.

Houston, D. J. (2011). Implications of occupational locus and focus for public service motivation: Attitudes toward work motives across nations. Public Administration Review, 71(5), 761–771.

Joiner, B., & Josephs, S. (2007). Leadership agility: Five levels of mastery for anticipating and initiating change. Jossey-Bass Inc.

Kasenda, G. I. F., Djati, S. P., & Suprapto, S. (2020). Analisis Profesionalisme Prajurit TNI Angkatan Laut Dalam Mendukung Pertahanan Negara di Komando Armada I. Jurnal Manajemen Pertahanan, 6(2), 108–127.

Kaya, A. (2015). The relationship between spiritual leadership and organizational citizenship behaviors: A research on school principals’ behaviors. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 15(3), 597–606. https://doi.org/10.12738/estp.2015.3.1988

Ma'arif, S. (2014). Prajurit Profesional-Patriot: Menuju TNI Profesional pada Era Reformasi. MASYARAKAT: Jurnal Sosiologi, 19(2), 257-286.

Paparone, C. R., Anderson, R. A., & McDaniel, R. R. (2008). Where military professionalism meets complexity science. Armed Forces and Society, 34(3), 433–449. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095327X07310337

Plant, J. F., Stalebrink, O. J., & Vasavada, T. (2010). Public values, public official associations, and professionalism: A cross-national analysis. American Review of Public Administration, 40(6), 722–741. https://doi.org/10.1177/0275074009360821

Potipiroon, W., & Ford, M. T. (2017). Does Public Service Motivation Always Lead to Organizational Commitment? Examining the Moderating Roles of Intrinsic Motivation and Ethical Leadership. Public Personnel Management, 46(3), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1177/0091026017717241

Pradesa, H. A. (2018). Peran Komitmen Afektif Dalam Memperkuat Dampak Dari Dimensi Iklim Kerja Etis Terhadap Perasaaan Berkewajiban Pegawai Negeri Sipil di Kantor Pemerintahan Provinsi Jawa Barat. Jurnal Ilmiah Bisnis Dan Ekonomi Asia, 12(2), 16–29.

Pradesa, H. A., Dawud, J., & Affandi, M. N. (2019). Mediating Role of Affective Commitment in The Effect of Ethical Work Climate on Felt Obligation Among Public Officers. JEMA: Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Akuntansi Dan Manajemen, 16(2), 133–146. https://doi.org/10.31106/jema.v16i2.2707

Pradesa, H. A., Taufik, N. I., & Novira, A. (2018). Isu Konseptual Tentang Perasaan Berkewajiban (Felt Obligation) Individu Dalam Perspektif Kerangka Pertukaran Sosial. Wiga : Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu Ekonomi, 8(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.30741/wiga.v8i1.231

Prasetyo, B. A. (2017). Pengaruh Kekuatan Kepemimpinan Transformasional dan Budaya Organisasi Terhadap Kinerja Prajurit Batalyon Perhubungan. Jurnal Prodi Strategi Dan Kampanye Militer, 3(2), 27–45.

Priambudi, I., Purnama, H., & Prasetio, A. (2015). Konsep Diri Atas Profesionalisme Anggota Tentara Nasional Indonesia (Studi Fenomenologi ANggota Tentara Kalangan Bintara Detasemen PErhubungan Kostrad Bogor). E-Proceeding of Management, 2(2), 2188–2196.

Prihanto, D. A. (2017). Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja dan Motivasi Kerja terhadap Kinerja Guru Militer di Pusat Pendidikan Infanteri. Jurnal Program Studi Strategi Pertahanan Darat, 3, 46–76.

Putranto, R. A., Setiajatnika, E., & Fahmi, I. (2018). The Effect of Public Service Motivation and Job Satisfaction on Public Officers’ Performance through Commitment. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(12), 1422–1435. https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v8-i12/5247

Romlah, N. S., Sedarmayanti, S., Gunawan, S., & Pradesa, H. A. (2019). Human Resource Development Among Administrative Staff at Faculty of Nursing Science , Padjadjaran University ( UNPAD ) Bandung Human Resource Development Among Administrative Staff at Faculty of Nursing Science , Padjadjaran University ( UNPAD ) Bandung. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 9(7), 424–436. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v9-i7/6135

Sanusi, E. (2013). Analisis Pengaruh Faktor Kemampuan Motivasi Terhadap Kinerja Prajurit di Lingkungan Lantamal II. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Industri, 1, 29–44.

Sariadi, S. (2013). Gaya Kepemimpinan Dan Motivasi Pengaruhnya Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai pada Bagian Sekertariat TNI Allantal VIII Manado. Jurnal EMBA, 1(4), 31–39.

Satriyadi, A. A. (2017). Pembinaan Sikap Bintara TNI AD Guna Mewujudkan Prajurit Yang Berkarakter Sapta Marga (Studi Pada Pendidikan Pertama Bintara TNI AD di RINDAM IX/Udayana). Jurnal Prodi Strategi Pertahanan Darat, 3(2), 29–46.

Shamir, B., Brainin, E., Zakay, E., & Popper, M. (2000). Leadership and social identification in military units: Direct and indirect relationships. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 30(3), 612–640. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2000.tb02499.x

Shriberg, A., & Shriberg, D. (2011). Practicing Leadership Principles and Applications (4th ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Supriatna, M. D., Pradesa, H. A., & Priatna, R. (2019). Literature Review and Conceptual Models Development on Public Services Motivation. Warmadewa Management and Business Journal (WMBJ) Agustus, 1(2), 102–110. https://ejournal.warmadewa.ac.id/index.php/wmbj

Sutaryo, D., Siswoyo, M., & Lidia, T. (2018). Pengaruh disiplin kerja dan kepemimpinan transformasional terhadap prestasi kerja yonarmed 9/155 mm gs. Jurnal Strategi Dan Kampanye Militer, 4(2), 51–62.

Taghizadeh, H., & Shokri, A. (2015). Presenting a Practical Model of Reinforcing Spiritual Leadership in Educational Institutes (A Case Study). International Education Studies, 8(10), 126–136. https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v8n10p126

Tanjung, A. J., Imran, M. A., Dalimunthe, W. S., Lubis, S. H., & Syahputra, U. (2020). Pengaruh Profesionalisme, Karakteristik Pekerjaan Dan Komitmen Organisasi Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Di Dinas Sosial Kabupaten Labuhanbatu Utara. Jurnal Riset Akuntansi Multiparadigma (JRAM), 7(2), 179–187. https://jurnal.uisu.ac.id/index.php/JRAM/article/view/3375

Vitalariu, M., & Mosoiu, O. (2016). Motivation and Leadership-Spesific Areas of The Military Organization in The Spirit of Organization Culture. Scientific Research and Education in the Air Force-AFASES, 101-106.

Yang, F., Liu, J., Wang, Z., & Zhang, Y. (2017). Feeling Energized: A Multilevel Model of Spiritual Leadership, Leader Integrity, Relational Energy, and Job Performance. Journal of Business Ethics, 158(4), 983–997. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-017-3713-1

Yudistyo, T., Putro, R. W., Munthe, S., Strategi, P., Darat, P., Pertahanan, F. S., & Pertahanan, U. (2020). Implementasi kepemimpinan danyonif dalam meningkatkan kinerja prajurit guna mencapai keberhasilan tugas pokok satuan (studi pada yonif 403/wp). Jurnal Strate, 6(1), 65–90.

Downloads

Published

2022-04-11